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The process of conducting an assessment on a registered firm, which is confined to selected parts of its management system on any one visit but which, over the course of a series of visits, addresses the whole management system.
A surveillance audit conducted by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is designed to ensure that an organisation continues to adhere to ISO standards.
For example, once a certification body certifies that a company complies with the ISO 9001 standard, which defines the requirements for a quality management system (QMS), the ISO conducts an audit of the organization's operations every three years to ensure that it is still adhering to ISO fundamentals.
This is also true for ISO 27001 and ISO 27002 audits. ISO 27001 is a global standard that specifies best practises for information security management systems. ISO 27001 contains a comprehensive list of compliance requirements, whereas ISO 27002 is a supplementary standard that focuses on information security controls that organisations may choose to implement. The primary distinction between ISO 27001 and ISO 27002 is that ISO 27002 is intended to serve as a guide for selecting security controls during the process of implementing an ISO 27001-based Information Security Management System (ISMS).
A certification body that issues a three-year certificate of compliance ensures that the management system will remain in place for the duration of the certificate's validity. The certification body sends an auditor to the company on a periodic basis to ensure that the management system is functioning properly. At a minimum, the auditor must conduct a surveillance audit once a year.
The ISO registrar or an auditor from an approved certification body conducting the surveillance audits will examine the organization's critical quality management system (QMS) processes. An audit must include a management review, an examination of preventive and corrective actions and processes, an examination of the company's internal auditing processes, and an examination of the company's implementation of recommendations from internal audits.
The auditor's objective is to ascertain whether a business's management system is effective in its day-to-day operations. Additionally, the auditor will concentrate on minor nonconformities and areas of concern identified during the certification audit or prior surveillance audits. Corrective action should be taken to address all non-conformances.
Typically, minor non-conformances are flaws in the QMS system that could result in a catastrophic failure of the QMS. Significant non-conformances indicate a significant flaw in the quality management system, which may prevent a business from meeting its objectives or protecting its customers.
Each surveillance audit prepares an organisation for the recertification audit that occurs at the conclusion of each three-year certification cycle.
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